Address PR #2515 review comments

- Add URL to sqlite-permissions-poc in module docstring
- Replace Optional with | None for modern Python syntax
- Add Datasette type annotations
- Add SQL comment explaining cascading permission logic
- Refactor duplicated plugin result processing into helper function

datasette/utils/actions_sql.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 SQL query builder for hierarchical permission checking.
 
 This module implements a cascading permission system based on the pattern
-from the sqlite-permissions-poc. It builds SQL queries that:
+from https://github.com/simonw/research/tree/main/sqlite-permissions-poc
+
+It builds SQL queries that:
 
 1. Start with all resources of a given type (from resource_type.resources_sql())
 2. Gather permission rules from plugins (via permission_resources_sql hook)
@@ -19,14 +21,46 @@ The core pattern is:
 - Across levels, child beats parent beats global
 """
 
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from datasette.plugins import pm
 from datasette.utils import await_me_maybe
 from datasette.permissions import PermissionSQL
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datasette.app import Datasette
+
+
+def _process_permission_results(results) -> tuple[list[str], dict]:
+    """
+    Process plugin permission results into SQL fragments and parameters.
+
+    Args:
+        results: Results from permission_resources_sql hook (may be list or single PermissionSQL)
+
+    Returns:
+        A tuple of (list of SQL strings, dict of parameters)
+    """
+    rule_sqls = []
+    all_params = {}
+
+    if results is None:
+        return rule_sqls, all_params
+
+    if isinstance(results, list):
+        for plugin_sql in results:
+            if isinstance(plugin_sql, PermissionSQL):
+                rule_sqls.append(plugin_sql.sql)
+                all_params.update(plugin_sql.params)
+    elif isinstance(results, PermissionSQL):
+        rule_sqls.append(results.sql)
+        all_params.update(results.params)
+
+    return rule_sqls, all_params
+
 
 async def build_allowed_resources_sql(
-    datasette,
+    datasette: "Datasette",
     actor: dict | None,
     action: str,
 ) -> tuple[str, dict]:
@@ -76,16 +110,9 @@ async def build_allowed_resources_sql(
 
     for result in rule_results:
         result = await await_me_maybe(result)
-        if result is None:
+        sqls, params = _process_permission_results(result)
-            continue
+        rule_sqls.extend(sqls)
-        if isinstance(result, list):
+        all_params.update(params)
-            for plugin_sql in result:
-                if isinstance(plugin_sql, PermissionSQL):
-                    rule_sqls.append(plugin_sql.sql)
-                    all_params.update(plugin_sql.params)
-        elif isinstance(result, PermissionSQL):
-            rule_sqls.append(result.sql)
-            all_params.update(result.params)
 
     # If no rules, return empty result (deny all)
     if not rule_sqls:
@@ -135,6 +162,15 @@ global_lvl AS (
 decisions AS (
   SELECT
     b.parent, b.child,
+    -- Cascading permission logic: child → parent → global, DENY beats ALLOW at each level
+    -- Priority order:
+    --   1. Child-level deny (most specific, blocks access)
+    --   2. Child-level allow (most specific, grants access)
+    --   3. Parent-level deny (intermediate, blocks access)
+    --   4. Parent-level allow (intermediate, grants access)
+    --   5. Global-level deny (least specific, blocks access)
+    --   6. Global-level allow (least specific, grants access)
+    --   7. Default deny (no rules match)
     CASE
       WHEN cl.any_deny = 1 THEN 0
       WHEN cl.any_allow = 1 THEN 1
@@ -167,11 +203,11 @@ ORDER BY parent, child
 
 
 async def check_permission_for_resource(
-    datasette,
+    datasette: "Datasette",
     actor: dict | None,
     action: str,
-    parent: Optional[str],
+    parent: str | None,
-    child: Optional[str],
+    child: str | None,
 ) -> bool:
     """
     Check if an actor has permission for a specific action on a specific resource.
@@ -207,16 +243,9 @@ async def check_permission_for_resource(
 
     for result in rule_results:
         result = await await_me_maybe(result)
-        if result is None:
+        sqls, params = _process_permission_results(result)
-            continue
+        rule_sqls.extend(sqls)
-        if isinstance(result, list):
+        all_params.update(params)
-            for plugin_sql in result:
-                if isinstance(plugin_sql, PermissionSQL):
-                    rule_sqls.append(plugin_sql.sql)
-                    all_params.update(plugin_sql.params)
-        elif isinstance(result, PermissionSQL):
-            rule_sqls.append(result.sql)
-            all_params.update(result.params)
 
     # If no rules, default deny
     if not rule_sqls: