diff --git a/datasette/views/database.py b/datasette/views/database.py
index 2872bebc..4eb52f84 100644
--- a/datasette/views/database.py
+++ b/datasette/views/database.py
@@ -613,6 +613,13 @@ class TableCreateView(BaseView):
         ignore = data.get("ignore")
         replace = data.get("replace")
 
+        if replace:
+            # Must have update-row permission
+            if not await self.ds.permission_allowed(
+                request.actor, "update-row", resource=database_name
+            ):
+                return _error(["Permission denied - need update-row"], 403)
+
         table_name = data.get("table")
         if not table_name:
             return _error(["Table is required"])
@@ -630,6 +637,13 @@ class TableCreateView(BaseView):
         if rows and row:
             return _error(["Cannot specify both rows and row"])
 
+        if rows or row:
+            # Must have insert-row permission
+            if not await self.ds.permission_allowed(
+                request.actor, "insert-row", resource=database_name
+            ):
+                return _error(["Permission denied - need insert-row"], 403)
+
         if columns:
             if rows or row:
                 return _error(["Cannot specify columns with rows or row"])
diff --git a/docs/json_api.rst b/docs/json_api.rst
index 526bd30e..caceb3e3 100644
--- a/docs/json_api.rst
+++ b/docs/json_api.rst
@@ -830,7 +830,8 @@ If the table is successfully created this will return a ``201`` status code and
 Creating a table from example data
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-Instead of specifying ``columns`` directly you can instead pass a single example ``row`` or a list of ``rows``. Datasette will create a table with a schema that matches those rows and insert them for you:
+Instead of specifying ``columns`` directly you can instead pass a single example ``row`` or a list of ``rows``.
+Datasette will create a table with a schema that matches those rows and insert them for you:
 
 ::
 
@@ -855,6 +856,8 @@ Instead of specifying ``columns`` directly you can instead pass a single example
         "pk": "id"
     }
 
+Doing this requires both the :ref:`permissions_create_table` and :ref:`permissions_insert_row` permissions.
+
 The ``201`` response here will be similar to the ``columns`` form, but will also include the number of rows that were inserted as ``row_count``:
 
 .. code-block:: json
@@ -884,6 +887,8 @@ If you pass a row to the create endpoint with a primary key that already exists
 
 You can avoid this error by passing the same ``"ignore": true`` or ``"replace": true`` options to the create endpoint as you can to the :ref:`insert endpoint <TableInsertView>`.
 
+To use the ``"replace": true`` option you will also need the :ref:`permissions_update_row` permission.
+
 .. _TableDropView:
 
 Dropping tables
diff --git a/tests/test_api_write.py b/tests/test_api_write.py
index ab3d0e0d..f27d143f 100644
--- a/tests/test_api_write.py
+++ b/tests/test_api_write.py
@@ -1096,6 +1096,50 @@ async def test_create_table(ds_write, input, expected_status, expected_response)
     assert data == expected_response
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "permissions,body,expected_status,expected_errors",
+    (
+        (["create-table"], {"table": "t", "columns": [{"name": "c"}]}, 201, None),
+        # Need insert-row too if you use "rows":
+        (
+            ["create-table"],
+            {"table": "t", "rows": [{"name": "c"}]},
+            403,
+            ["Permission denied - need insert-row"],
+        ),
+        # This should work:
+        (
+            ["create-table", "insert-row"],
+            {"table": "t", "rows": [{"name": "c"}]},
+            201,
+            None,
+        ),
+        # If you use replace: true you need update-row too:
+        (
+            ["create-table", "insert-row"],
+            {"table": "t", "rows": [{"id": 1}], "pk": "id", "replace": True},
+            403,
+            ["Permission denied - need update-row"],
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+async def test_create_table_permissions(
+    ds_write, permissions, body, expected_status, expected_errors
+):
+    token = ds_write.create_token("root", restrict_all=["view-instance"] + permissions)
+    response = await ds_write.client.post(
+        "/data/-/create",
+        json=body,
+        headers=_headers(token),
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == expected_status
+    if expected_errors:
+        data = response.json()
+        assert data["ok"] is False
+        assert data["errors"] == expected_errors
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "input,expected_rows_after",