diff --git a/sqlite_utils/db.py b/sqlite_utils/db.py
index 6ba718a..2430f0d 100644
--- a/sqlite_utils/db.py
+++ b/sqlite_utils/db.py
@@ -897,7 +897,11 @@ class Table(Queryable):
         first_column = columns[0]
         pks = self.pks
         lookup_table = self.db[table]
-        for row in self.rows:
+        if pks == ["rowid"]:
+            rows_iter = self.rows_where(select="rowid, *")
+        else:
+            rows_iter = self.rows
+        for row in rows_iter:
             row_pks = tuple(row[pk] for pk in pks)
             lookups = {rename.get(column) or column: row[column] for column in columns}
             self.update(row_pks, {first_column: lookup_table.lookup(lookups)})
diff --git a/tests/test_extract.py b/tests/test_extract.py
index 4855441..4108a5a 100644
--- a/tests/test_extract.py
+++ b/tests/test_extract.py
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ def test_extract_multiple_columns_with_rename(fresh_db):
         pk="id",
     )
 
-    fresh_db["tree"].extract(["common_name", "latin_name"], rename={
-        "common_name": "name"
-    })
+    fresh_db["tree"].extract(
+        ["common_name", "latin_name"], rename={"common_name": "name"}
+    )
     assert fresh_db["tree"].schema == (
         'CREATE TABLE "tree" (\n'
         "   [id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n"
@@ -105,3 +105,22 @@ def test_extract_invalid_columns(fresh_db):
     )
     with pytest.raises(InvalidColumns):
         fresh_db["tree"].extract(["bad_column"])
+
+
+def test_extract_rowid_table(fresh_db):
+    fresh_db["tree"].insert(
+        {
+            "name": "Tree 1",
+            "common_name": "Palm",
+            "latin_name": "Arecaceae",
+        }
+    )
+    fresh_db["tree"].extract(["common_name", "latin_name"])
+    assert fresh_db["tree"].schema == (
+        'CREATE TABLE "tree" (\n'
+        "   [rowid] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n"
+        "   [name] TEXT,\n"
+        "   [common_name_latin_name_id] INTEGER,\n"
+        "   FOREIGN KEY(common_name_latin_name_id) REFERENCES common_name_latin_name(id)\n"
+        ")"
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_rows.py b/tests/test_rows.py
index 8885802..603f254 100644
--- a/tests/test_rows.py
+++ b/tests/test_rows.py
@@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ def test_rows_where(where, where_args, expected_ids, fresh_db):
         ],
         pk="id",
     )
-    assert expected_ids == {r["id"] for r in table.rows_where(where, where_args, select="id")}
+    assert expected_ids == {
+        r["id"] for r in table.rows_where(where, where_args, select="id")
+    }
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(