Detect CSV/TSV column types by default (#683)

The `--detect-types` option is now automatically turned on for all commands that deal with CSV or CSV.

A new `--no-detect-types` option can be used to have all columns treated as text.

Closes #679

docs/changelog.rst

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ Unreleased
 
 - The ``table.insert_all()`` and ``table.upsert_all()`` methods can now accept an iterator of lists or tuples as an alternative to dictionaries. The first item should be a list/tuple of column names. See :ref:`python_api_insert_lists` for details. (:issue:`672`)
 - **Breaking change:** The default floating point column type has been changed from ``FLOAT`` to ``REAL``, which is the correct SQLite type for floating point values. This affects auto-detected columns when inserting data. (:issue:`645`)
+- **Breaking change:** Type detection is now the default behavior for the ``insert`` and ``upsert`` CLI commands when importing CSV or TSV data. Previously all columns were treated as ``TEXT`` unless the ``--detect-types`` flag was passed. Use the new ``--no-detect-types`` flag to restore the old behavior. The ``SQLITE_UTILS_DETECT_TYPES`` environment variable has been removed. (:issue:`679`)
 
 .. _v4_0a0:
 

docs/cli-reference.rst

@@ -285,7 +285,8 @@ See :ref:`cli_inserting_data`, :ref:`cli_insert_csv_tsv`, :ref:`cli_insert_unstr
       --alter                   Alter existing table to add any missing columns
       --not-null TEXT           Columns that should be created as NOT NULL
       --default <TEXT TEXT>...  Default value that should be set for a column
-      -d, --detect-types        Detect types for columns in CSV/TSV data
+      -d, --detect-types        Detect types for columns in CSV/TSV data (default)
+      --no-detect-types         Treat all CSV/TSV columns as TEXT
       --analyze                 Run ANALYZE at the end of this operation
       --load-extension TEXT     Path to SQLite extension, with optional :entrypoint
       --silent                  Do not show progress bar
@@ -342,7 +343,8 @@ See :ref:`cli_upsert`.
       --alter                   Alter existing table to add any missing columns
       --not-null TEXT           Columns that should be created as NOT NULL
       --default <TEXT TEXT>...  Default value that should be set for a column
-      -d, --detect-types        Detect types for columns in CSV/TSV data
+      -d, --detect-types        Detect types for columns in CSV/TSV data (default)
+      --no-detect-types         Treat all CSV/TSV columns as TEXT
       --analyze                 Run ANALYZE at the end of this operation
       --load-extension TEXT     Path to SQLite extension, with optional :entrypoint
       --silent                  Do not show progress bar

docs/cli.rst

@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ Incoming CSV data will be assumed to use ``utf-8``. If your data uses a differen
 
 If you are joining across multiple CSV files they must all use the same encoding.
 
-Column types will be automatically detected in CSV or TSV data, using the same mechanism as ``--detect-types`` described in :ref:`cli_insert_csv_tsv`. You can pass the ``--no-detect-types`` option to disable this automatic type detection and treat all CSV and TSV columns as ``TEXT``.
+Column types will be automatically detected in CSV or TSV data, as described in :ref:`cli_insert_csv_tsv`. You can pass the ``--no-detect-types`` option to disable this automatic type detection and treat all CSV and TSV columns as ``TEXT``.
 
 .. _cli_memory_explicit:
 
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ To stop inserting after a specified number of records - useful for getting a fas
 
 A progress bar is displayed when inserting data from a file. You can hide the progress bar using the ``--silent`` option.
 
-By default every column inserted from a CSV or TSV file will be of type ``TEXT``. To automatically detect column types - resulting in a mix of ``TEXT``, ``INTEGER`` and ``REAL`` columns, use the ``--detect-types`` option (or its shortcut ``-d``).
+By default, column types are automatically detected for CSV or TSV files - resulting in a mix of ``TEXT``, ``INTEGER`` and ``REAL`` columns. To disable type detection and treat all columns as ``TEXT``, use the ``--no-detect-types`` option.
 
 For example, given a ``creatures.csv`` file containing this:
 
@@ -1277,9 +1277,9 @@ The following command:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    sqlite-utils insert creatures.db creatures creatures.csv --csv --detect-types
+    sqlite-utils insert creatures.db creatures creatures.csv --csv
 
-Will produce this schema:
+Will produce this schema with automatically detected types:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
@@ -1293,11 +1293,11 @@ Will produce this schema:
        "weight" REAL
     );
 
-You can set the ``SQLITE_UTILS_DETECT_TYPES`` environment variable if you want ``--detect-types`` to be the default behavior:
+To disable type detection and treat all columns as TEXT, use ``--no-detect-types``:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    export SQLITE_UTILS_DETECT_TYPES=1
+    sqlite-utils insert creatures.db creatures creatures.csv --csv --no-detect-types
 
 If a CSV or TSV file includes empty cells, like this one:
 

sqlite_utils/cli.py

@@ -898,8 +898,12 @@ def insert_upsert_options(*, require_pk=False):
                     "-d",
                     "--detect-types",
                     is_flag=True,
-                    envvar="SQLITE_UTILS_DETECT_TYPES",
+                    help="Detect types for columns in CSV/TSV data (default)",
-                    help="Detect types for columns in CSV/TSV data",
+                ),
+                click.option(
+                    "--no-detect-types",
+                    is_flag=True,
+                    help="Treat all CSV/TSV columns as TEXT",
                 ),
                 click.option(
                     "--analyze",
@@ -951,6 +955,7 @@ def insert_upsert_implementation(
     not_null=None,
     default=None,
     detect_types=None,
+    no_detect_types=False,
     analyze=False,
     load_extension=None,
     silent=False,
@@ -1019,7 +1024,8 @@ def insert_upsert_implementation(
                 )
             else:
                 docs = (dict(zip(headers, row)) for row in reader)
-            if detect_types:
+            # detect_types is now the default, unless --no-detect-types is passed
+            if not no_detect_types:
                 tracker = TypeTracker()
                 docs = tracker.wrap(docs)
         elif lines:
@@ -1191,6 +1197,7 @@ def insert(
     stop_after,
     alter,
     detect_types,
+    no_detect_types,
     analyze,
     load_extension,
     silent,
@@ -1273,6 +1280,7 @@ def insert(
             replace=replace,
             truncate=truncate,
             detect_types=detect_types,
+            no_detect_types=no_detect_types,
             analyze=analyze,
             load_extension=load_extension,
             silent=silent,
@@ -1311,6 +1319,7 @@ def upsert(
     not_null,
     default,
     detect_types,
+    no_detect_types,
     analyze,
     load_extension,
     silent,
@@ -1356,6 +1365,7 @@ def upsert(
             not_null=not_null,
             default=default,
             detect_types=detect_types,
+            no_detect_types=no_detect_types,
             analyze=analyze,
             load_extension=load_extension,
             silent=silent,
@@ -1443,6 +1453,7 @@ def bulk(
             not_null=set(),
             default={},
             detect_types=False,
+            no_detect_types=True,
             load_extension=load_extension,
             silent=False,
             bulk_sql=sql,

tests/test_cli.py

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ from click.testing import CliRunner
 from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
-from unittest import mock
 import json
 import os
 import pytest
@@ -1907,7 +1906,16 @@ def test_insert_encoding(tmpdir):
     # Using --encoding=latin-1 should work
     good_result = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "places", csv_path, "--encoding", "latin-1", "--csv"],
+        [
+            "insert",
+            db_path,
+            "places",
+            csv_path,
+            "--encoding",
+            "latin-1",
+            "--csv",
+            "--no-detect-types",
+        ],
         catch_exceptions=False,
     )
     assert good_result.exit_code == 0
@@ -2196,7 +2204,7 @@ def test_import_no_headers(tmpdir, args, tsv):
         csv_file.write("Tracy{sep}Spider{sep}7\n".format(sep=sep))
     result = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", csv_path] + args,
+        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", csv_path] + args + ["--no-detect-types"],
         catch_exceptions=False,
     )
     assert result.exit_code == 0, result.output
@@ -2245,13 +2253,22 @@ def test_csv_insert_bom(tmpdir):
         fp.write(b"\xef\xbb\xbfname,age\nCleo,5")
     result = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "broken", bom_csv_path, "--encoding", "utf-8", "--csv"],
+        [
+            "insert",
+            db_path,
+            "broken",
+            bom_csv_path,
+            "--encoding",
+            "utf-8",
+            "--csv",
+            "--no-detect-types",
+        ],
         catch_exceptions=False,
     )
     assert result.exit_code == 0
     result2 = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "fixed", bom_csv_path, "--csv"],
+        ["insert", db_path, "fixed", bom_csv_path, "--csv", "--no-detect-types"],
         catch_exceptions=False,
     )
     assert result2.exit_code == 0
@@ -2263,43 +2280,40 @@ def test_csv_insert_bom(tmpdir):
     ]
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("option_or_env_var", (None, "-d", "--detect-types"))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("option", (None, "-d", "--detect-types"))
-def test_insert_detect_types(tmpdir, option_or_env_var):
+def test_insert_detect_types(tmpdir, option):
+    """Test that type detection is now the default behavior"""
     db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
     data = "name,age,weight\nCleo,6,45.5\nDori,1,3.5"
     extra = []
-    if option_or_env_var:
+    if option:
-        extra = [option_or_env_var]
+        extra = [option]
 
-    def _test():
-        result = CliRunner().invoke(
-            cli.cli,
-            ["insert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv"] + extra,
-            catch_exceptions=False,
-            input=data,
-        )
-        assert result.exit_code == 0
-        db = Database(db_path)
-        assert list(db["creatures"].rows) == [
-            {"name": "Cleo", "age": 6, "weight": 45.5},
-            {"name": "Dori", "age": 1, "weight": 3.5},
-        ]
-
-    if option_or_env_var is None:
-        # Use environment variable instead of option
-        with mock.patch.dict(os.environ, {"SQLITE_UTILS_DETECT_TYPES": "1"}):
-            _test()
-    else:
-        _test()
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("option", ("-d", "--detect-types"))
-def test_upsert_detect_types(tmpdir, option):
-    db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
-    data = "id,name,age,weight\n1,Cleo,6,45.5\n2,Dori,1,3.5"
     result = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["upsert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv", "--pk", "id"] + [option],
+        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv"] + extra,
+        catch_exceptions=False,
+        input=data,
+    )
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    db = Database(db_path)
+    assert list(db["creatures"].rows) == [
+        {"name": "Cleo", "age": 6, "weight": 45.5},
+        {"name": "Dori", "age": 1, "weight": 3.5},
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("option", (None, "-d", "--detect-types"))
+def test_upsert_detect_types(tmpdir, option):
+    """Test that type detection is now the default behavior for upsert"""
+    db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
+    data = "id,name,age,weight\n1,Cleo,6,45.5\n2,Dori,1,3.5"
+    extra = []
+    if option:
+        extra = [option]
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(
+        cli.cli,
+        ["upsert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv", "--pk", "id"] + extra,
         catch_exceptions=False,
         input=data,
     )
@@ -2312,12 +2326,12 @@ def test_upsert_detect_types(tmpdir, option):
 
 
 def test_csv_detect_types_creates_real_columns(tmpdir):
-    """Test that CSV import with --detect-types creates REAL columns for floats"""
+    """Test that CSV import creates REAL columns for floats (default behavior)"""
     db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
     data = "name,age,weight\nCleo,6,45.5\nDori,1,3.5"
     result = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv", "--detect-types"],
+        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv"],
         catch_exceptions=False,
         input=data,
     )
@@ -2333,6 +2347,68 @@ def test_csv_detect_types_creates_real_columns(tmpdir):
     )
 
 
+def test_insert_no_detect_types(tmpdir):
+    """Test that --no-detect-types treats all columns as TEXT"""
+    db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
+    data = "name,age,weight\nCleo,6,45.5\nDori,1,3.5"
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(
+        cli.cli,
+        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", "-", "--csv", "--no-detect-types"],
+        catch_exceptions=False,
+        input=data,
+    )
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    db = Database(db_path)
+    # All columns should be TEXT when --no-detect-types is used
+    assert list(db["creatures"].rows) == [
+        {"name": "Cleo", "age": "6", "weight": "45.5"},
+        {"name": "Dori", "age": "1", "weight": "3.5"},
+    ]
+    assert db["creatures"].schema == (
+        'CREATE TABLE "creatures" (\n'
+        '   "name" TEXT,\n'
+        '   "age" TEXT,\n'
+        '   "weight" TEXT\n'
+        ")"
+    )
+
+
+def test_upsert_no_detect_types(tmpdir):
+    """Test that --no-detect-types treats all columns as TEXT for upsert"""
+    db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
+    data = "id,name,age,weight\n1,Cleo,6,45.5\n2,Dori,1,3.5"
+    result = CliRunner().invoke(
+        cli.cli,
+        [
+            "upsert",
+            db_path,
+            "creatures",
+            "-",
+            "--csv",
+            "--pk",
+            "id",
+            "--no-detect-types",
+        ],
+        catch_exceptions=False,
+        input=data,
+    )
+    assert result.exit_code == 0
+    db = Database(db_path)
+    # All columns should be TEXT when --no-detect-types is used
+    assert list(db["creatures"].rows) == [
+        {"id": "1", "name": "Cleo", "age": "6", "weight": "45.5"},
+        {"id": "2", "name": "Dori", "age": "1", "weight": "3.5"},
+    ]
+    assert db["creatures"].schema == (
+        'CREATE TABLE "creatures" (\n'
+        '   "id" TEXT PRIMARY KEY,\n'
+        '   "name" TEXT,\n'
+        '   "age" TEXT,\n'
+        '   "weight" TEXT\n'
+        ")"
+    )
+
+
 def test_integer_overflow_error(tmpdir):
     db_path = str(tmpdir / "test.db")
     result = CliRunner().invoke(

tests/test_cli_insert.py

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def test_insert_csv_tsv(content, options, db_path, tmpdir):
         fp.write(content)
     result = CliRunner().invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "data", file_path] + options,
+        ["insert", db_path, "data", file_path] + options + ["--no-detect-types"],
         catch_exceptions=False,
     )
     assert result.exit_code == 0
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ def test_insert_csv_tsv(content, options, db_path, tmpdir):
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("empty_null", (True, False))
 def test_insert_csv_empty_null(db_path, empty_null):
-    options = ["--csv"]
+    options = ["--csv", "--no-detect-types"]
     if empty_null:
         options.append("--empty-null")
     result = CliRunner().invoke(
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ def test_insert_text(db_path):
     "options,input",
     (
         ([], '[{"id": "1", "name": "Bob"}, {"id": "2", "name": "Cat"}]'),
-        (["--csv"], "id,name\n1,Bob\n2,Cat"),
+        (["--csv", "--no-detect-types"], "id,name\n1,Bob\n2,Cat"),
         (["--nl"], '{"id": "1", "name": "Bob"}\n{"id": "2", "name": "Cat"}'),
     ),
 )

tests/test_sniff.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def test_sniff(tmpdir, filepath):
     runner = CliRunner()
     result = runner.invoke(
         cli.cli,
-        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", str(filepath), "--sniff"],
+        ["insert", db_path, "creatures", str(filepath), "--sniff", "--no-detect-types"],
         catch_exceptions=False,
     )
     assert result.exit_code == 0, result.stdout