Compound primary keys now resolve in PRIMARY KEY declaration order

PRAGMA table_info sets is_pk to the 1-based position of each column
within the PRIMARY KEY, which can differ from table column order.
table.pks previously returned table column order, so an implicit
compound FOREIGN KEY ... REFERENCES other was introspected with its
referenced columns inverted, and transform() baked that inverted order
into the rewritten schema - failing with IntegrityError on valid data,
or silently reversing the constraint with foreign keys off.

table.pks, compound foreign key guessing (create, add_foreign_key) and
transform() now all use declaration order, and transform() no longer
reorders a compound PRIMARY KEY (b, a) into table column order.

Refs https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues/769#issuecomment-4900034150

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

sqlite_utils/db.py

@@ -2012,10 +2012,9 @@ class Queryable:
         :param offset: Integer for SQL offset
         """
         column_names = [column.name for column in self.columns]
-        pks = [column.name for column in self.columns if column.is_pk]
-        if not pks:
+        pks = self.pks
+        if self.use_rowid:
             column_names.insert(0, "rowid")
-            pks = ["rowid"]
         select = ",".join(quote_identifier(column_name) for column_name in column_names)
         for row in self.rows_where(
             select=select,
@@ -2148,8 +2147,18 @@ class Table(Queryable):
 
     @property
     def pks(self) -> List[str]:
-        "Primary key columns for this table."
-        names = [column.name for column in self.columns if column.is_pk]
+        """
+        Primary key columns for this table, in PRIMARY KEY declaration order -
+        ``PRAGMA table_info`` sets ``is_pk`` to the 1-based position of each
+        column within the primary key, which can differ from the order of the
+        columns in the table. SQLite uses the declaration order to resolve
+        implicit foreign key references, so this order matters.
+        """
+        pk_columns = sorted(
+            (column for column in self.columns if column.is_pk),
+            key=lambda column: column.is_pk,
+        )
+        names = [column.name for column in pk_columns]
         if not names:
             names = ["rowid"]
         return names
@@ -2673,7 +2682,8 @@ class Table(Queryable):
 
         if pk is DEFAULT:
             pks_renamed = tuple(
-                rename.get(p.name) or p.name for p in self.columns if p.is_pk
+                rename.get(pk_name) or pk_name
+                for pk_name in (self.pks if not self.use_rowid else [])
             )
             if len(pks_renamed) == 1:
                 pk = pks_renamed[0]
@@ -3017,7 +3027,10 @@ class Table(Queryable):
                     raise AlterError("table '{}' has no column {}".format(fk, fk_col))
             else:
                 # automatically set fk_col to first primary_key of fk table
-                pks = [c for c in self.db[fk].columns if c.is_pk]
+                pks = sorted(
+                    (c for c in self.db[fk].columns if c.is_pk),
+                    key=lambda c: c.is_pk,
+                )
                 if pks:
                     fk_col = pks[0].name
                     fk_col_type = pks[0].type
@@ -3770,9 +3783,7 @@ class Table(Queryable):
         # First we execute the function
         pk_to_values = {}
         new_column_types: Dict[str, Set[type]] = {}
-        pks = [column.name for column in self.columns if column.is_pk]
-        if not pks:
-            pks = ["rowid"]
+        pks = self.pks
 
         with progressbar(
             length=self.count, silent=not show_progress, label="1: Evaluating"