diff --git a/docs/python-api.rst b/docs/python-api.rst
index cc236a2..1c0dc60 100644
--- a/docs/python-api.rst
+++ b/docs/python-api.rst
@@ -834,6 +834,17 @@ To create a species record with a note on when it was first seen, you can use th
 
 The first time this is called the record will be created for ``name="Palm"``. Any subsequent calls with that name will ignore the second argument, even if it includes different values.
 
+``.lookup()`` also accepts keyword arguments, which are passed through to the :ref:`insert() method <python_api_creating_tables>` and can be used to influence the shape of the created table. Supported parameters are:
+
+- ``pk`` - which defaults to ``id``
+- ``foreign_keys``
+- ``column_order``
+- ``not_null``
+- ``defaults``
+- ``extracts``
+- ``conversions``
+- ``columns``
+
 .. _python_api_extracts:
 
 Populating lookup tables automatically during insert/upsert
diff --git a/sqlite_utils/db.py b/sqlite_utils/db.py
index fd58c40..aebca89 100644
--- a/sqlite_utils/db.py
+++ b/sqlite_utils/db.py
@@ -2556,7 +2556,7 @@ class Table(Queryable):
         ignore = self.value_or_default("ignore", ignore)
         replace = self.value_or_default("replace", replace)
         extracts = self.value_or_default("extracts", extracts)
-        conversions = self.value_or_default("conversions", conversions)
+        conversions = self.value_or_default("conversions", conversions) or {}
         columns = self.value_or_default("columns", columns)
 
         if upsert and (not pk and not hash_id):
@@ -2718,6 +2718,14 @@ class Table(Queryable):
         self,
         lookup_values: Dict[str, Any],
         extra_values: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        pk: Optional[str] = "id",
+        foreign_keys: Optional[ForeignKeysType] = None,
+        column_order: Optional[List[str]] = None,
+        not_null: Optional[Set[str]] = None,
+        defaults: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
+        extracts: Optional[Union[Dict[str, str], List[str]]] = None,
+        conversions: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+        columns: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
     ):
         """
         Create or populate a lookup table with the specified values.
@@ -2735,6 +2743,8 @@ class Table(Queryable):
         be ignored on subsequent lookup calls for records that already exist.
 
         See :ref:`python_api_lookup_tables` for more details.
+
+        All other keyword arguments are passed through to ``.insert()``.
         """
         assert isinstance(lookup_values, dict)
         if extra_values is not None:
@@ -2754,11 +2764,31 @@ class Table(Queryable):
                 )
             )
             try:
-                return rows[0]["id"]
+                return rows[0][pk]
             except IndexError:
-                return self.insert(combined_values, pk="id").last_pk
+                return self.insert(
+                    combined_values,
+                    pk=pk,
+                    foreign_keys=foreign_keys,
+                    column_order=column_order,
+                    not_null=not_null,
+                    defaults=defaults,
+                    extracts=extracts,
+                    conversions=conversions,
+                    columns=columns,
+                ).last_pk
         else:
-            pk = self.insert(combined_values, pk="id").last_pk
+            pk = self.insert(
+                combined_values,
+                pk=pk,
+                foreign_keys=foreign_keys,
+                column_order=column_order,
+                not_null=not_null,
+                defaults=defaults,
+                extracts=extracts,
+                conversions=conversions,
+                columns=columns,
+            ).last_pk
             self.create_index(lookup_values.keys(), unique=True)
             return pk
 
diff --git a/tests/test_lookup.py b/tests/test_lookup.py
index 348ef92..31be414 100644
--- a/tests/test_lookup.py
+++ b/tests/test_lookup.py
@@ -86,3 +86,68 @@ def test_lookup_with_extra_values(fresh_db):
         "type": "Tree",
         "first_seen": "2020-01-01",
     }
+
+
+def test_lookup_with_extra_insert_parameters(fresh_db):
+    other_table = fresh_db["other_table"]
+    other_table.insert({"id": 1, "name": "Name"}, pk="id")
+    species = fresh_db["species"]
+    id = species.lookup(
+        {"name": "Palm", "type": "Tree"},
+        {
+            "first_seen": "2020-01-01",
+            "make_not_null": 1,
+            "fk_to_other": 1,
+            "default_is_dog": "cat",
+            "extract_this": "This is extracted",
+            "convert_to_upper": "upper",
+            "make_this_integer": "2",
+            "this_at_front": 1,
+        },
+        pk="renamed_id",
+        foreign_keys=(("fk_to_other", "other_table", "id"),),
+        column_order=("this_at_front",),
+        not_null={"make_not_null"},
+        defaults={"default_is_dog": "dog"},
+        extracts=["extract_this"],
+        conversions={"convert_to_upper": "upper(?)"},
+        columns={"make_this_integer": int},
+    )
+    assert species.schema == (
+        "CREATE TABLE [species] (\n"
+        "   [renamed_id] INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n"
+        "   [this_at_front] INTEGER,\n"
+        "   [name] TEXT,\n"
+        "   [type] TEXT,\n"
+        "   [first_seen] TEXT,\n"
+        "   [make_not_null] INTEGER NOT NULL,\n"
+        "   [fk_to_other] INTEGER REFERENCES [other_table]([id]),\n"
+        "   [default_is_dog] TEXT DEFAULT 'dog',\n"
+        "   [extract_this] INTEGER REFERENCES [extract_this]([id]),\n"
+        "   [convert_to_upper] TEXT,\n"
+        "   [make_this_integer] INTEGER\n"
+        ")"
+    )
+    assert species.get(id) == {
+        "renamed_id": id,
+        "this_at_front": 1,
+        "name": "Palm",
+        "type": "Tree",
+        "first_seen": "2020-01-01",
+        "make_not_null": 1,
+        "fk_to_other": 1,
+        "default_is_dog": "cat",
+        "extract_this": 1,
+        "convert_to_upper": "UPPER",
+        "make_this_integer": 2,
+    }
+    assert species.indexes == [
+        Index(
+            seq=0,
+            name="idx_species_name_type",
+            unique=1,
+            origin="c",
+            partial=0,
+            columns=["name", "type"],
+        )
+    ]