import sqlite3 from collections import namedtuple import datetime import json Column = namedtuple( "Column", ("cid", "name", "type", "notnull", "default_value", "is_pk") ) ForeignKey = namedtuple( "ForeignKey", ("table", "column", "other_table", "other_column") ) Index = namedtuple("Index", ("seq", "name", "unique", "origin", "partial", "columns")) class Database: def __init__(self, filename_or_conn): if isinstance(filename_or_conn, str): self.conn = sqlite3.connect(filename_or_conn) else: self.conn = filename_or_conn def __getitem__(self, table_name): return Table(self, table_name) def __repr__(self): return "".format(self.conn) @property def table_names(self): return [ r[0] for r in self.conn.execute( "select name from sqlite_master where type = 'table'" ).fetchall() ] @property def tables(self): return [self[name] for name in self.table_names] def execute_returning_dicts(self, sql, params=None): cursor = self.conn.execute(sql, params or tuple()) keys = [d[0] for d in cursor.description] return [dict(zip(keys, row)) for row in cursor.fetchall()] def create_table( self, name, columns, pk=None, foreign_keys=None, column_order=None ): foreign_keys = foreign_keys or [] foreign_keys_by_name = {fk[0]: fk for fk in foreign_keys} column_items = list(columns.items()) if column_order is not None: column_items.sort( key=lambda p: column_order.index(p[0]) if p[0] in column_order else 999 ) extra = "" col_type_mapping = { float: "FLOAT", int: "INTEGER", bool: "INTEGER", str: "TEXT", bytes.__class__: "BLOB", bytes: "BLOB", datetime.datetime: "TEXT", None.__class__: "TEXT", } columns_sql = ",\n".join( " [{col_name}] {col_type} {primary_key} {references}".format( col_name=col_name, col_type=col_type_mapping[col_type], primary_key=" PRIMARY KEY" if (pk == col_name) else "", references=( " REFERENCES [{other_table}]([{other_column}])".format( other_table=foreign_keys_by_name[col_name][2], other_column=foreign_keys_by_name[col_name][3], ) if col_name in foreign_keys_by_name else "" ), ) for col_name, col_type in column_items ) sql = """CREATE TABLE [{table}] ( {columns_sql} ){extra}; """.format( table=name, columns_sql=columns_sql, extra=extra ) self.conn.execute(sql) return self[name] def create_view(self, name, sql): self.conn.execute( """ CREATE VIEW {name} AS {sql} """.format( name=name, sql=sql ) ) def vacuum(self): self.conn.execute("VACUUM;") class Table: def __init__(self, db, name): self.db = db self.name = name self.exists = self.name in self.db.table_names def __repr__(self): return "".format( self.name, " (does not exist yet)" if not self.exists else "" ) @property def count(self): return self.db.conn.execute( "select count(*) from [{}]".format(self.name) ).fetchone()[0] @property def columns(self): if not self.exists: return [] rows = self.db.conn.execute( "PRAGMA table_info([{}])".format(self.name) ).fetchall() return [Column(*row) for row in rows] @property def foreign_keys(self): fks = [] for row in self.db.conn.execute( "PRAGMA foreign_key_list([{}])".format(self.name) ).fetchall(): if row is not None: id, seq, table_name, from_, to_, on_update, on_delete, match = row fks.append( ForeignKey( table=self.name, column=from_, other_table=table_name, other_column=to_, ) ) return fks @property def schema(self): return self.db.conn.execute( "select sql from sqlite_master where name = ?", (self.name,) ).fetchone()[0] @property def indexes(self): sql = 'PRAGMA index_list("{}")'.format(self.name) indexes = [] for row in self.db.execute_returning_dicts(sql): index_name = row["name"] index_name_quoted = ( '"{}"'.format(index_name) if not index_name.startswith('"') else index_name ) column_sql = "PRAGMA index_info({})".format(index_name_quoted) columns = [] for seqno, cid, name in self.db.conn.execute(column_sql).fetchall(): columns.append(name) row["columns"] = columns # These coluns may be missing on older SQLite versions: for key, default in {"origin": "c", "partial": 0}.items(): if key not in row: row[key] = default indexes.append(Index(**row)) return indexes def create(self, columns, pk=None, foreign_keys=None, column_order=None): columns = {name: value for (name, value) in columns.items()} self.db.create_table( self.name, columns, pk=pk, foreign_keys=foreign_keys, column_order=column_order, ) self.exists = True return self def create_index(self, columns, index_name=None): if index_name is None: index_name = "idx_{}_{}".format( self.name.replace(" ", "_"), "_".join(columns) ) sql = """ CREATE INDEX {index_name} ON {table_name} ({columns}); """.format( index_name=index_name, table_name=self.name, columns=", ".join(columns) ) self.db.conn.execute(sql) return self def drop(self): return self.db.conn.execute("DROP TABLE {}".format(self.name)) def add_foreign_key(self, column, column_type, other_table, other_column): sql = """ ALTER TABLE {table} ADD COLUMN {column} {column_type} REFERENCES {other_table}({other_column}); """.format( table=self.name, column=column, column_type=column_type, other_table=other_table, other_column=other_column, ) self.db.conn.execute(sql) self.db.conn.commit() return self def enable_fts(self, columns, fts_version="FTS5"): "Enables FTS on the specified columns" sql = """ CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE "{table}_fts" USING {fts_version} ( {columns}, content="{table}" ); """.format( table=self.name, columns=", ".join(columns), fts_version=fts_version ) self.db.conn.executescript(sql) self.populate_fts(columns) return self def populate_fts(self, columns): sql = """ INSERT INTO "{table}_fts" (rowid, {columns}) SELECT rowid, {columns} FROM {table}; """.format( table=self.name, columns=", ".join(columns) ) self.db.conn.executescript(sql) return self def detect_column_types(self, records): all_column_types = {} for record in records: for key, value in record.items(): all_column_types.setdefault(key, set()).add(type(value)) column_types = {} for key, types in all_column_types.items(): if len(types) == 1: t = list(types)[0] # But if it's list / tuple / dict, use str instead as we # will be storing it as JSON in the table if t in (list, tuple, dict): t = str elif {int, bool}.issuperset(types): t = int elif {int, float, bool}.issuperset(types): t = float elif {bytes, str}.issuperset(types): t = bytes else: t = str column_types[key] = t return column_types def search(self, q): sql = """ select * from {table} where rowid in ( select rowid from [{table}_fts] where [{table}_fts] match :search ) order by rowid """.format( table=self.name ) return self.db.conn.execute(sql, (q,)).fetchall() def insert( self, record, pk=None, foreign_keys=None, upsert=False, column_order=None ): return self.insert_all( [record], pk=pk, foreign_keys=foreign_keys, upsert=upsert, column_order=column_order, ) def insert_all( self, records, pk=None, foreign_keys=None, upsert=False, batch_size=100, column_order=None, ): """ Like .insert() but takes a list of records and ensures that the table that it creates (if table does not exist) has columns for ALL of that data """ if not self.exists: self.create( self.detect_column_types(records), pk, foreign_keys, column_order=column_order, ) all_columns = set() for record in records: all_columns.update(record.keys()) all_columns = list(sorted(all_columns)) for chunk in chunks(records, batch_size): sql = """ INSERT {upsert} INTO [{table}] ({columns}) VALUES {rows}; """.format( upsert="OR REPLACE" if upsert else "", table=self.name, columns=", ".join("[{}]".format(c) for c in all_columns), rows=", ".join( """ ({placeholders}) """.format( placeholders=", ".join(["?"] * len(all_columns)) ) for record in chunk ), ) values = [] for record in chunk: values.extend( jsonify_if_needed(record.get(key, None)) for key in all_columns ) result = self.db.conn.execute(sql, values) self.db.conn.commit() self.last_id = result.lastrowid return self def upsert(self, record, pk=None, foreign_keys=None, column_order=None): return self.insert( record, pk=pk, foreign_keys=foreign_keys, upsert=True, column_order=column_order, ) def upsert_all(self, records, pk=None, foreign_keys=None, column_order=None): return self.insert_all( records, pk=pk, foreign_keys=foreign_keys, upsert=True, column_order=column_order, ) def chunks(sequence, size): for i in range(0, len(sequence), size): yield sequence[i : i + size] def jsonify_if_needed(value): if isinstance(value, (dict, list, tuple)): return json.dumps(value) else: return value